A dehydrated infant presents with sunken fontanelles and tachycardia. What is the preferred rehydration approach for mild dehydration?

• A. Initiate intravenous isotonic saline immediately.
• B. Do not rehydrate; monitor only.
• C. Provide clear fluids and encourage oral fluids.
• D. Begin oral rehydration therapy if the infant is able to drink.

Answer: (D)

Oral rehydration therapy is the preferred approach for mild dehydration in an infant who can drink. When dehydration is mild, the most effective and safest correction comes from giving an oral rehydration solution that contains the right balance of electrolytes and glucose. The glucose helps with sodium and water absorption in the gut, so small, frequent sips of the solution can replace fluid and electrolytes efficiently while allowing ongoing feeding. If the infant can drink, start ORT promptly and monitor closely for tolerance and signs of improvement (blood flow, heart rate, mucous membranes, tearing). Intravenous fluids are reserved for those who cannot take fluids orally or have more severe dehydration. Providing only clear fluids or delaying rehydration won’t adequately replace electrolytes and can prolong dehydration. So, begin oral rehydration therapy if the infant is able to drink.