During airborne precautions for active tuberculosis, which item is essential for staff protection?

• A. Surgical mask
• B. Face shield
• C. No mask
• D. N95 respirator

Answer: (D)

Airborne pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis travel in small aerosol particles that can linger in the air, so protection requires a respirator that both filters fine particles and forms a tight seal to the face. The N95 respirator is designed to filter at least 95% of airborne particles when properly fitted and worn, and it is part of a respiratory protection program that includes fit testing and seal checks. This level of protection is essential because TB particles are so small they can bypass looser barriers. A surgical mask does not seal to the face and does not filter aerosols effectively, and a face shield protects the eyes from splashes but not inhaled aerosols. Using an N95 when entering the room with active TB significantly reduces the risk of staff exposure, especially in conjunction with an appropriate airborne isolation setup.