Which PPE is required when caring for a patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis?

• A. Surgical mask
• B. Gloves only
• C. N95 respirator and eye protection
• D. Gown and gloves only

Answer: (C)

Active pulmonary tuberculosis spreads through airborne droplet nuclei, so protecting the airway is essential. An N95 respirator provides filtration of small airborne particles and must be properly fitted and worn whenever near the patient. Eye protection is added because aerosols can reach the mucous membranes of the eyes during coughing or procedures, increasing exposure risk. A surgical mask does not seal to the face well enough to filter airborne particles, and gloves with or without a gown address contact precautions but do not prevent inhalation of infectious material. Therefore the combination of an N95 respirator and eye protection offers the appropriate protection for this scenario.